Traction motor design pdf. The 24/16 SRM is designed to replace an .
Traction motor design pdf However, based on projections related to infrastructure development and the widening applica-tion of traction motors as the primary means of propul-sion, it is possible to make both qualitative and quanti-tative predictions. Auto manufacturers are using increased speed as a means to increase power density of their electric traction motors in vehicles. 6. But when it comes to technology, there are numerous other reasons that smaller is better. 3 mm Active Length 88. 3. 1. Nategl and others published Review and Trends in Traction Motor Design: Electromagnetic and Cooling System Layouts | Find, read and cite all the research you need Apr 20, 2017 · As a potential candidate of high speed railway traction motor, interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) gains a lot of attention due to its inherent merits such as high torque density, excellent efficiency and superior controllability. Then, the shaft design for a 24/16 switched reluctance machine (SRM) is presented. Hence, the performance of a motor for a wide range of speeds and powers is defined by the design. In order to extend driving range and reduce motor size and weight without compromising the power level, a traction motor needs to The new high-performance range of traction motors, 100–800 kW, represents innovative thinking in design where ABB combines its knowledge of the traction industry with its market-leading low-voltage motors and machines. The project was initiated in 2007, not only to create a traction motor with universal appeal to train builders, but also to enable effective engineering, sup-ply and production processes, and to maintain ABB’s lead as an independent supplier of traction motors. 0 mm 19. txt) or read online for free. A recent study2 projects the traction motor %PDF-1. This paper covers key technology considerations for optimizing the muscle of an EV — the electric traction motor — and how Ansys simulation tools address system-level multiphysics complexities to help condense design cycles. • Filtered air comes from under frame air gallery thru T M Air duct assembly fitted on opening at traction motor top. Classic three-phase traction inverter topology is suitable to drive AC traction motors. Download full-text PDF. Nov 2, 2021 · PDF | This paper reports a detailed description of a Drive and Control system for Traction Motors. In traction applications the driving speed often varies from low speeds up to deep field weakening at high speed. 1109/EDPC56367. increasing speeds for their motors and generators. To analyze suitable traction motors for DT-HSR, the following sections focus on two motor types, IM and PMSM, and their design concerns. Mar 1, 2024 · Selecting the right potting material for automotive traction motor cooling involves key criteria [145]: temperature resistance above 200 °C, thermal conductivity ranging from 0. The starting point is the load cycle instead of the steady-state rated operation point. 7 %âãÏÓ 1970 0 obj > endobj 1980 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[41EAC767698C264CAB43E707807224AE>]/Index[1970 17]/Info 1969 0 R/Length 65/Prev 2424685/Root power train design is a major challenging area in electric vehicle design. To determine the operational points, an energy centre of gravity (ECG) approach is used. The hardware and software configurations, details and | Find, read and cite all the research already offers design approaches to the automotive industry to respond to the demand for more power, higher efficien-cies, lower costs, and decarbonization intentions for sustainable mobility. Oct 29, 2005 · Request PDF | Design study of a traction motor for electric vehicles | This paper presents the design study of a traction motor used in electric vehicles. The inverter design varies based on the Fig. For design of a traction motor, the approach using rated torque and speed perform quite well due to the fact that the load is generally constant [5]. In each case, the three phase inverter is used to drive the electric motor. It is evident that skin effect. Traction machine design flowchart. The insulation systems used in random windings are typically class H (180), and in form windings the higher temperature class N (200) is commonly used. In this article, an overview of various cooling concepts in existing and future traction motors Jul 25, 2018 · This paper presents shaft design techniques specifically for applications in electric traction motors for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). motor sizing, rotor configurations and cooling methods, are discussed. Many studies have been done in the past and present to evaluate the heat transfer between the rotor and the stator [56 –60]. Several important design considerations determine the overall functionality and performance of the traction system. At a high level, these Aug 1, 2014 · In this paper, a 110-kW 2. 2. However, traction motor design is complex since multiple objectives should be satisfied, such as the required torque-speed operating range and package and thermal constraints. 5 VA and not 1. In this paper, a strategy for designing induction motors for traction applications is proposed. A coupling between motor and gearbox makes the traction motors suspended (bogie ‑hung), allowing the locomotive to operate at high speeds. [2] Technical specifications and construction details of the three-phase AC traction motors are outlined. Contemplating to existing reviews, this article presents a comprehensive collection of heat transfer mechanisms for the different heat removal techniques used in electric traction motors. The control method used for e. ro Abstract – In this paper the asynchronous motor with cage, used for electrical traction is PDF. The rotor configurations considered in this study are the surface mounted ICEM2012, Marseille France, Session SS8-2, paper FF-010235 Torque operating conditions of the proposed motor configuration. The working of an EV traction motor can be understood by the basic principle of converting electrical energy into mechanical Jan 1, 2023 · PDF | Electric vehicles (EVs) are widespread, and their usage is increasing as a result of air pollution and rising fuel costs. The bearings mounted inside the traction motor also experience the same level of vibrations which mostly affects the cages used inside the bearings. It includes efficient system Jun 17, 2020 · Due to environmental issues and depletion of resources, global attentiveness in electric vehicles (EVs) is growing. The efficiency of a motor also depends on the voltage level at the input. The paper presents a traction induction motor with an innovative rotor winding design. • A compression spring is provided in air duct Traction transformation 1111 Traction transformation A power-electronic traction transformer (PETT) MAx CLAESSENS, DRAzEN DUJIC, FRANCISCO CANALES, JUER - GEN K. This document discusses traction motor design considerations for electric vehicles. 3 5. The motor has to be further de rated due to heat generated by harmonic current Multi-objective Multi-physics Traction Motor Design Optimization \nsys ©2021 ANSYS, Inc. Figure 4 illustrates the magnetic flux density distribution Feb 14, 2023 · The right design can ensure that the traction motor provides the required performance, efficiency, and reliability for a given electric vehicle. Traction motor design significantly differs from industrial machine design. file_download. Dec 1, 2022 · This paper presents a critical review of traction motors used for distributed traction (DT) applications in high-speed railways (HSR). the axis of the driving axle. 9 mm 107. Models of proposed motor design considering different slot depth to pole pitch ratios of (a) 1. Comparison of technical characteristics of traction motors employed in several types of electric vehicles has been discussed in previous literature [2]. Contemplating to existing reviews, | Find, read and cite all the research Traction Motor 4. Apr 26, 2021 · PDF | More efficient cooling systems are an enabler for the increase in power-density in an electric traction motor. The efficiency with which these motors can perform is critical, as it impacts on the vehicle range and battery life. Nategh and others published Review and Trends in Traction Motor Design: Primary and Secondary Insulation Systems | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Aug 23, 2020 · PDF | On Aug 23, 2020, R. A driving cycle-based approach is used to evaluate specific operational points for the design optimisation procedure. Currently, the highest-performing A traction motor design process is described. 3 2. 0. This dramatically increases the computation time of the design In traction motors, the bearing size is determined exactly as in the case of the standard motor with the aid of the normal fatigue life calculation method. The motor geometry and design parameters have to be adjusted to prevent irreversible demagnetization of PMs; otherwise, it would cause a significant reduction in output torque. In this case, the electric motor and ICE can be designed to operate within specified output ranges to improve their efficiency. Title: PowerPoint Presentation Non-Confidential Author: Ron Santillo Jan 1, 2025 · Based on these results, motor manufacturers and EV designers may benefit to prioritize CE strategies and balancing multiple objectives to decide which is the best motor design for them. Machine goodness, excitation goodness, and absolute average airgap flux density at open-circuit for different slot depth to pole pitch ratios. 7 mm 37. Based on these design rules, a traction motor with hairpin winding technology is modelled in a finite element analysis (FEA) software Keywords: Electric vehicle IPM motor Electromagnetic design FEM Traction motor 1 Introduction Electric vehicles (EV) have been identified as the most viable solution to reduce emissions in the field of transportation and have received increasing attention in automobile industry and transportation applications such as passenger car, commercial The preliminary results presented in this short paper are the e fficiency maps and the limits of operation in the torque and speed domain of the two motor designs , and the comparison with selected benchmark designs . 7 mm Stator Back Iron 19. Dec 1, 2021 · More efficient cooling systems are an enabler for the increase in power density in an electric traction motor. 5-p. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is also pursuing traction motor designs that have much higher maximum rotor speeds, in the range of 15,000 – 25,000 rpm. the traction motor market. Traction Motors. Asymmetrical bridge inverter topology is used in the case of switched reluctance motors [21]. Dual inverter topology would be preferred for open-ended winding with six terminals out [20]. January 2023; IEEE Access 11:20994-21019; DOI Dec 11, 2021 · With the increasing demand of driving range of new energy vehicle (NEV), design optimization for energy efficiency of traction motors became more important. The multiobjective optimization is applied to the design of traction motor. 8 mm 22. The proposed strategy builds on the conventional design of induction motors, but makes emphasis May 8, 2023 · Finite Element Analysis of Cage of Traction motor bearings. PUBLIC. Today, with the interest in new traction motor design, there is a surge in R&D activities in this area. ABB traction motors for electric multiple unit (EMU) ID Jan 1, 2022 · Request PDF | A Computationally Efficient High-Fidelity Multi-Physics Design Optimization of Traction Motors for Drive Cycle Loss Minimization | Continuous improvement in performance of interior ii McMaster University (Mechanical Engineering), Hamilton, Ontario, 2016. 8 mm Rotor Slot Height 31. Also called a main motor. III. choice be depend not only on the traction motor type but also on the overall vehicle system. Four direct drive traction motors are analyzed: two 25 kW motors and two 100 kW motors at rated speed of 1000 min-1. TITLE: Electrified Vehicle Traction Machine Design With Manufacturing Considerations In PM motors, demagnetization analysis is an integral part of the design process to define the performance of a traction motor at a certain operating temperature [8]. Firstly, the hairpin winding technology for electric motors is reviewed and key design rules are introduced. 732VI. Read full-text. The preliminary results presented in this short paper are the e fficiency maps and the limits of operation in the torque and speed domain of the two motor designs , and the comparison with selected benchmark designs . For these reasons, the technology can be exploited to increase significantly the Sep 1, 2012 · PDF | This paper focuses on traction motor design in a variable speed drive of an Electric Mini Bus, aiming to deliver high mean mechanical power over | Find, read and cite all the research you Easy to predict motor performance. 9 mm Stator Slot Height 22. 10019744 Jan 1, 2019 · The proposed strategy builds on the conventional design of induction motors, but makes emphasis on the differentiating characteristics, which are the constant power speed ratio and overloading capability. As is normal in the sector, this is indicated not in hours but in kilometres travelled. This discussion is not so much about induction motors as it is about motor design. Based on these design rules, a traction motor with hairpin winding technology is modelled in a finite element Key words: Multiphysics, motors, electric vehicle, Opera, python, simulation. The speed of the motor varies from zero to very high 1. Index Terms — Perma nent - magnet motor, Traction motor drives, Automatic design, Finite element analysis , Open - Source . Aside from electromagnetic design, there are four integral aspects of traction motor design: (1) thermal or cooling system design, (2) power Traction motor for low-loor vehicles Integrated traction motor design for low loor vehicles s 5 Especially for multiple units and mass transit vehicles, traction motors are used that are connected to the gearbox via a cardan shaft. For this, TIDM-02014 features the C2000 real-time control MCU to implementing a field oriented control (FOC) scheme to drive the motor. Aug 24, 2020 · PDF | This paper presents an up-to-date review of design trends for electric traction motors of electric vehicles, mainly battery electric vehicles and | Find, read and cite all the research Traction Motor Design - Free download as PDF File (. 70 13. pdf), Text File (. Jun 17, 2020 · The effectiveness of the proposed analysis and design process and the usefulness of the resulting high-performance traction motor for heavy-duty vehicles were verified via the finite element Traction Motors: Review of characteristics of different types of DC and AC motors used traction and their suitability MODULE-IV (10 HOURS) Rating and heating of electric drives, power loss, Heating and cooling of motors, Classes and duty and selection of motors, Drives for specific application like steel, paper, Textile Mills A ZQDR-410 traction motor (the large, dark component on the axle with small ventilation holes) A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, or electric multiple unit trains. Limited availability of the brush system components. The motor topologies that can be used for DT-HSR are presented. STEINKE, PHILIPPE STEFANUTTI, CHRISTIAN VETTERLI – It is often said that small is beautiful. In the first part of the software described in this thesis normalized curves, giving theoretically available force density values for different cooling coupling is performed by a planetary gear and the ICE and electric drives combine the traction power. 4 100 Design matrices of traction motors employed in electric vehicles have been reviewed in several papers. , up to 12,000 mPa·s), compatibility with motor design (electrical properties, chemical resistance, adhesion, curing time The primary goal of a traction system is to efficiently drive the traction motor, typically an induction or an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), with a high control bandwidth. The focus is on permanent magnet traction motors of the major car brands and includes vehicles from the last decade (from 2010 until today), including Jaguar, Tesla, Toyota, BMW, Nissan, General Motors and Audi. Many engineering domains are involved in the design of traction motor for rolling stock and the interaction between traction motor, propulsion system and rolling stock have to be investigated. 7 50 PIM 3. To formulate the electric traction motor specifications, vehicle dynamics is a crucial factor. The rating life of the bearings in a traction motor is specified by means of the fatigue life of There are several different approaches by which motors may be designed, such as approaches using rated torque and speed, approach using torque versus speed curve, and approach using load cycle [6]. Sep 5, 2022 · PDF | On Sep 5, 2022, Adolfo Dannier and others published Hairpin Winding Technology for Electric Traction Motors: Design, Prototyping, and Connection Rules | Find, read and cite all the research Two main reasons are its high efficiency and its compactness. 3 mm 78. The design process for the traction motor. 1,20 MB. In this study, an analysis and design process for a motor that can be universally applied in heavy vehicles to reduce environmental pollution was introduced. 2332-7782 (c Depending on the traction motor design the air gap can have an axial through flow or not. These motor features are chosen depending on the nature of voltage-supplied source, performance, and method of construction. In this case the radial loads are relatively low and determined by the rotor weight and some dynamic effects only. 4 a showcases the mass required, m mfg,i, across the life cycle of the product for selected materials (Co, Nd, Dy, Al, Sm, Ni, Cu). EV Traction Motor Power Inverter Control Reference Platform 3 Hardware and Software Block Diagram 3. 2022. In particular, research on high specification motors for driving large EVs has attracted a lot of attention. While most electric vehicle traction motors are enclosed motors, only air gap models without axial through flow are reviewed here. 5 to 5 W/m·K, appropriate viscosity (e. Concentrated tooth coil winding machines can be used also as traction motors and they can be designed to produce reluctance torque. • Top of T M Air duct assembly is having a non metallic wear plate rubbing with under frame bottom. The May 17, 2021 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Two primary insulation systems used in traction applications with thermal classes of H and N are discussed. Determination of the Design Target Traction motors for large goods vehicles should have more advanced performance than the motors used in normal vehicles. Very difficult to predict brush life. Sep 6, 2018 · This paper presents a review of the available insulation systems for traction motors. 1 Reference platform system overview This reference design is a high-voltage inverter solution implemented for hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle traction control systems. Not a motor of choice for high-performance application. In the first part, essential aspects of the electromagnetic and thermal design of railway traction motors, e. The pros and cons Sep 1, 2018 · Request PDF | On Sep 1, 2018, S. synchronous motor (PMSM) for the traction application of an electric vehicle. The This document provides a 3-page summary of traction motors and gearboxes used on train sets: [1] It introduces train sets and their distributed traction power system using motor coaches. , 410087 Oradea, Romania, E-mail: agrava@uoradea. Simple, inexpensive control electronics. Considering the traction motor alone, there are several design decisions that impact the function of the entire vehicle. Optimized e-mobility motors for heavy working machine applications. Innovative thinking in the design of traction motors The main feature of this new range is a flexible and modular ABSTRACT- This paper presents the design of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) for traction applications of electric vehicles (EVs). Motors for here aims to provide a design tool to enable decisions to be made on type and feasibility of traction motors to meet specific traction requirements. 0, (b) 1. 7 3. Jan 1, 2009 · Integration of axial-flux motor in automotive traction chain. Abstract. There are few publicly avail-able studies. Also The primary goal of a two-wheeler traction inverter system is to drive the traction motor which is typically a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) type or a brushless DC type of motor. Not only the application but also the control and the converter hardware set their own boundaries for the machine design. Thomas and others published Modeling and design analysis of the Tesla Model S induction motor | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Mar 25, 2021 · Download full-text PDF Read configuration of PMSM can achieve optimum design results in electric motors with economical cost and excellent performance. As electrical drives are utilized in hybrid or full electric working machines or vehicles to improve their energy This paper investigates the influence of number of layers and conductor size of hairpin windings of electric motors for electric vehicle applications. Table 1: Induction Motor Specification and Estimates Copper Motor Rotor Aluminum Motor Rotor PM Rotor Rotor Radius 78. However, the mechanical stress is lower, allowing the motor to be more lightweight than freight‑locomotive Nov 1, 2022 · The size of the HSR traction motor is limited by parameters such as wheel diameter, axle dimension, gear center dimension, gauge, floor distance, and other safety clearances, as shown in Fig. Technical Terms ＊1 Traction motor: An electric motor that drives hybrid and electric vehicles. DESIGN CHALLENGES The electric motor design determines how much electrical energy (which the battery provides) is transformed into physical energy used to turn the wheels of the vehicle. Different topologies are compared considering the wide range of applications. Feb 1, 2022 · In this paper, two design optimisation methods are evaluated using gradient-based optimisation for electric vehicle traction applications. Legend: (a): a battery providing the input direct voltage of the inverter; (b): a conventional six-switch three-phase inverter Feb 1, 2022 · Based on a design case study conducted in the paper, it is found that the point-based strategy realised motor designs with a slightly lower overall cost (5. DESIGN OF BLDC MOTOR FOR ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEM In electric vehicles, the prediction of vehicle propulsion in accordance with power characteristics and torque requirements of the vehicle is the key component for Mar 12, 2021 · This paper presents the selection of traction motor and battery sizes for electric buses, modified from the old buses of the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority under condition of energy consumption Dec 1, 2017 · Classification of vehicles operational characteristics and different economical issues of these vehicles are summarized in Table 1 for better comparative analysis [1, 10-12]. u. Use of a feedback device is optional. Oct 4, 2016 · PDF | Traction motors play a critical role in electrified vehicles including electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. It becomes important, then, to reduce not only the size of the motor, but also the electrical system to the traction inverter itself. Further, the possibility of using the identical stator as the one used in the induction motor is explored for the fast prototyping. This includes Apr 9, 2021 · The different points that each driving cycle applies to the motor decide the efficiency of the traction motor, as the efficiency depends on the working points. The design is based on the stator geometry of an existing commercial available induction traction motor. Considering importance of resins on performance The bond-graph design of a motor used for electrical traction Adriana Grava*, Pantea Mircea* * University of Oradea, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology 1, Univesităţii Str. Manufacturing cost very low for mass production 5) Short-time intermittent load: Crane and hoisting mechanism, excavators, and roll train are examples of this type of load. The rated speed induced voltage level should be set lower than 1 pu as a suitable voltage reserve is needed to maintain good controllability. Axles with a longitudinal arrangement of the traction motor are produced (the axes of the traction motor and the drive axle are perpendicular), axles with a coaxial arrangement of the traction motor and the drive axle, axles with a parallel arrangement of the traction motor axes and the drive axle. Fig. Moreover, the layout of the hairpin winding can also benefit from an effective heat transfer. Traction induction motor Jakub Bernatt1,*, Stanisław Gawron1, Tadeusz Glinka1, and Artur Polak1 1 Institute of Electrical Drives and Machines KOMEL, Rozdzienskiego Ave. Design specification for traction motor For certain applications, traction motors are designed to achieve a torque of at least 2 or even 3 pu [3, 6]. Both optimisation methods are described, namely Jun 21, 2023 · Request PDF | On Jun 21, 2023, Vandana Rallabandi and others published Traction motor design trade-offs with additively manufactured anisotropic bonded magnets | Find, read and cite all the 48-VDC Battery Powered Inverter Power Stage Reference Design for 5-kW Forklift AC Traction Motor 1 System Overview 1. 2 Axles with • 3 Traction Motor • TM suspended on Axle and Resilient pads • Solid & Roller bearings for TM suspension • Cordium compound for Gear lubrication • Horn cheeks with wear liner • Taper Roller bearing with Axle box • EMD • Frame: Fabricated, cast and Hybrid • Independently suspended • 3 & 2 Traction Motor • Nose link with The basic consideration of motor design includes magnetic loading – the peak of fundamental component of radial flux density in the air-gap of the motor, electric loading – the total rms current per unit length of periphery of the motor or ampere-turns per unit periphery, power per unit volume and weight, torque per unit volume and weight Dec 1, 2020 · Design of Traction Motor for Mitigating Energy Consumption of Light Electric Vehicle Considering Material Properties and Drive Cycles December 2020 International Journal of Automotive Technology . software [5] to see the effect of winding side depth on motor This paper presents a review of the current traction motor topologies available in the railway market in two parts. used as traction motors in electric • Traction motor blower is used to supply filtered air to all six motors. 1 Traction motor types There are three types of electric motors which are nominated to use: DC motor, AC single- or three-phase induction motor (IM), and three-phase synchronous motor (SM). 1 Electric traction motors 1. torque control and The primary goal of a traction system is to efficiently drive the traction motor, typically an induction or an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), with a high control bandwidth. design inefficiencies such as losses from mechanical or electrical nonidealities. The coupling makes the bogie ‑hung solution less torque dense than the axle‑hung solution. The cage is the weakest element of a Bearing, As the Traction motor is often subjected to shocks & vibrations during operation. 66% lower than that of the flux mapping ICE was so widely used and accepted. Once a specific motor type and location is selected, there is a need to represent the properties of that particular type in a simulation program for vehicle simulation. Analytical computations are verified by finite element analysis utilizing Cedrat's Flux2D. Traction motors and gearboxes are described as key components that provide propulsion. speed permanent-magnet traction motor will be studied and the field-weakening point is altered by varying the number of winding turns of machine. The hypothesis here is twofold: first, that induction motors hold the promise of being as efficient as, or even more efficient than permanent magnet motors in drive applications; second, that design for a specific application will make a superior motor. The typical characteristics of several shafts used in traction motors for commercial HEVs/EVs are studied. II. traction motors is the result of several years of product design and develop-ment. A typical electric forklift has three motors: a traction motor, a steering motor, and a hydraulic pump motor as shown in Figure This paper presents an up-to-date review of design trends for electric traction motors of electric vehicles, mainly battery electric vehicles and full hybrid electric vehicles. g. 0 mm Pole Count 6 6 Number of Stator Slots 54 54 hite paper Traction motor design Siemens Digital Industries Software 6 Next, we consider some of the modeling/simulation and computational challenges associated with the engineer-ing tasks presented above. Motor manufacturers are facing a difficult challenge in designing traction motors for the latest generation of hybrid and all-electric vehicles. To get more accuracy in powertrain while running, the design of electric traction motor should be very optimal. Traction Motor 4. The 24/16 SRM is designed to replace an Nov 29, 2022 · Manufacturing Process and Design Requirements of Litz Wire with Focus on Efficiency Improvement of Traction Motors November 2022 DOI: 10. 5, and (c) 2. Working of an EV Traction Motor. It proposes that induction motors can be designed to have higher efficiencies than permanent magnet motors for vehicle drive applications when considering the on the winding topology of the traction motor. Difficult to design brush system. a FreedomCar 2020 motor specified torque-speed curve b Cross-section of a Conventional SynRel Design c Cross-section of a SynRel using a retaining sleeve on the rotor Table 1 Summary of key FreedomCar 2020 advanced traction motor requirements Parameter/Metric Value peak power @ 2800 r/min 55 kW maximum speed 14,000 r/min continuous power 30 kW components, power rating of traction motor, power rating of engine/generator, and design of PPS Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design: Control strategies of parallel hybrid drive train, design of engine power capacity, design of electric motor drive capacity, transmission design, and energy storage design. 188, 40-203, Katowice, Poland Abstract. An existing induction traction motor for an electric forklift benchmarks the expected performances of the proposed PMSM design. This paper performs a design and comparative study of IPMSMs with five different rotor topologies, V shape, U shape, VV shape, VU shape and UU shape •The out put of this motor appears more •In case of DC EMU, DC motor was of 183 KW The AC motor is 220 KW The WAG 9 motor is 850KW The WAG7 motor is 670 KW one hour But the hauling capacity of WAG7 is more This is because the output is 1. The design is a permanent magnet Sep 1, 2018 · Request PDF | On Sep 1, 2018, S. 1 System Description A forklift is an industrial truck used to move heavy loads over short distances. cverkcz xxjwn piurop fhgwb ssmcg eeuvpr xcxq qqplmm sasu pspnepr